Technical Library

• Biodegradable Scale InhibitorDownload : IWC2003_Paper_3_23last.pdf
  Author: Matthias Schweinsberg, Wolfgang Hater, Jordi Verdés

  New Stable Biodegradable Scale Inhibitor Formulations for Cooling Water: Development and Field Tests

  The increased demand for more sustainability of inhibitor systems in open cooling water circuit applications has dominated much of the development activity in this area in recent years. Biodegradability has been a top priority in this context due to ever more restrictive legislation in Europe regarding the discharge of chemicals into flowing waters.

  
  

• Carbon Steel in a Low Conductivity MediumDownload : CarbSteelStudy_FattyAmines.pdf
  Authors: M .C. Lafont, N. Pébère, F. Moran

  A Corrosion Inhibition Study of a Carbon Steel in a Low Conductivity Medium by Fatty Amines / Sulphonated Polyacrylates Association

  Efficient corrosion treatments of carbon steels in cooling water systems were based on inorganic inhibitors such as chromates, nitrites, polyphosphates or zinc salts. Nowadays, the use of chromates and nitrites is submitted to severe restrictions due to their high toxity [...]. In the present study, we present and discuss the results concerning the corrosion inhibition of a carbon steel in 200 mg l^-1 solution by an original multi-component inhibitor (fatty amines in association with sulphonated polyacrylates).
  
  
• Chemicals for Cooling WaterDownload : eco_chem_cooling_water.pdf
  Authors: Josef Steber, Wolfgang Hater

  Ecological Assessment for Chemicals for Treating Cooling Water
  

  Chemicals for treating cooling water to prevent deposits and corrosion processes in cooling circuits are expected to meet high standards not only in regard to performance, but also in regard to environmental compatibility. 

  
  

• Corrosion Inhibitors for Cooling WaterDownload : corrosion_inhibitors_cooling.pdf
  Author: Wolfgang Hater, Bernd Mayer, Matthias Schweinsberg

  Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors for Cooling Water

  A combined approach to the development of corrosion inhibitors for industrail applications based on electrochemical measurements along with standard corrosion tests has been developed. The synthesis of standard engineering corrosion tests based on weight loss evalutation and scientific electrochemical laboratory methods combines the advantages of both techniques while avoiding their inherent shortcomings at the same time.
  
  
• Corrosion Inhibitors to Drinking WaterDownload : corrosion_inhbitors_drinking.pdf
  Author: Dr. Paul Gerhard Schumacher, Dr. Ivo Wagner, Dr. Volker Wehle

  Centralized Addition of Corrosion Inhibitors to Drinking Water

  To supply drinking water, the Stadtwerke Göttingen AG have been mixing ground water with reservoir water since 1980. After the change-over, there were occasional corrosion problems, for example increased formation of rust water. The measures taken to slve the problem and the results fo several years´ investigation into the corrosion protection of the pipe network and the use of suitable inhibitors are discussed in this article
  
  
• Corrosion Protection of Carbon SteelDownload : synergEffect04.pdf
  Authors: Nathalie Ochoa, Francis Moran, Nadine Pébère

  The Synergistic Effect between Phosphonocarboxylic Acid Salts and Fatty Amines for the Corrosion Protection of a Carbon Steel

  This work was carried out to have a better understanding of the synergistic effect between phosphonocarboxylic acid salts (PCAS) and fatty amines (FA) for the corrosion protection of a carbon steel in a 200 mg l^-1 NaCl solution. These compounds, combined with a biocide at low dosage, are used for water treatment in cooling circuits. First, electrochemical impedance measurements were performed to verify the inhibitive properties of the mixtures. Among the different concentrations tested, maximum efficiency was reached for the mixture containing 200 mg l^-1 PCAS + 50 mg l^-1 FA. Then, electrochemical measurements (current voltage curves and impedance diagrams) were combined with surface analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) for each compound at the optimised concentrations and for the mixture [...].

  
  

• Development of Corrosion Inhibitor FormulationsDownload : Eurocorr2004.pdf
  A. Arnold, J. Freund, W. Hater, V. Ender and M. Schweinsberg

  Accelerated Development of Corrosion Inhibitor Formulations by Electrochemical Methods and Short-time Corrosion Tests

   A combined general approach to the development of corrosion inhibitors for industrial applications based on electrochemical measurements along with both standard and accelerated corrosion tests has been developed. This development concept is exemplarily described for new inhibitor systems for cooling water circuits and other industrial systems.

  
  

• Development of New environmentally Friendly O2-Scavengers for Hydroquinone Replacement in Boiler Water ApplicationsDownload : ACF448.pdf
  Author: W. Hater, M. SchweinsbergBoiler water systems as universally used throughout industry are usually protected against corrosion by addition of oxygen scavengers to the boiler feed water. Frequently used additives today are based on diethylhydroxyalimine (DEHA) and its derivatives.A shortcoming of DEHA-based oxygen scavengers is the sluggish kinetics of oxygen captures in the feeding waters at low and medium temperatures. The usual remedy for this is the addition of co-scavengers, of which hydroquinone (HQ) is the most frequently used. The need for hydroquinone replacement arises from its unfavourable ecological properties, which put DEHA-HQ formulations under increasing pressure from environmental regulations.
  
  
• Dispersant ProgramsDownload : Prague.pdf
  Authors: W. Hater, B. Glüsen, U. Pegelow, M. Schweinsberg

  Comparative Assessment of Dispersant Programs for Cooling Water

  The prevention of mineral scales and sludge presents a major challenge for cooling tower management throughout a broad variety of industrial processes. The universal applications of dispersants has proven itself to be a cost-effective solution to prevent the precipitation of mineral particles contained in feeding waters for industrial cooling systems. In this paper, an integrated approach to the development and application of new ecologically friendly dispersant systems for cooling water as an example for such processes is presented.

  
  

• Environmental Compatible Scale InhibitorDownload : scale_inhibitors_mining.pdf
  Author: Wolfgang Hater

  Environmental Compatible Scale Inhibitor for the Mining Industry

  The formation of barium sulfate scale is one of the major challenges of the drainage of coal mines, as barium containing pit water is mixed with sulfate containing water before being pumped aboveground. Traditionally this has been overcome by the addition of scale inhibitors based on phosphonic acids. However, due to the inforcing legislation there is need for a scale inhibitor with improved ecological behaviour. A new scale inhibitor based on polyaspartic acid is as safe and effective as conventional phosporous containing inhibitors, but has a much higher einvironmental compatibility. Results of a three year field trial are presented.
  
  
• Environmentally Sound Corrosion InhibitorsDownload : sound_corrosion_inhibitors_cooling.pdf
  Author: Bernd Mayer, Wolfgang Hater, Matthias Schweinsberg

  Environmentally Sound Corrosion Inhibitors for Cooling Water

  Standard corrosion inhibitors for cooling water are based either on heavy metals, phosphates or phosphonates and therefore contribute to the contamination of surface water with noxious substances. Evaluations in pilot plants suggest that phosphorousfree organic carboxylic acids might be promising alternatives to the well-established phosphonic acids. The carboxylic compounds are biodegradable and therefore environmantally favorable. Moreover, in order to accelerate the evalutation of new inhibitors, an electrochemical test has been implemented which operates under conditions close to industrial practice. Results show that a combination of the electrochemical method with various corrosion tests from the laboratory up to pilot-plant scale yields a comprehensive characterization of the corrosion inhibiting properties. Consequently, the development of tailored inhibitor systems focused on specific applications is accelerated.
  
  
• Environmental Behaviour of ProductsDownload : Environ_behaviour.pdf
  Authors: W. Guhl, W. Hater, Th. Hörtinger

  The Environmental Behaviour of Water Treatment Products in Cooling Water Systems

  Water treatment products must be technically and economically effective; in addition, they have to be environmentally compatible, because they are generally discharged directly into the receiving water. Teamwork between product development, application technology and ecology from the beginning of the development of water treatment products leads to economically and ecologically optimised products, specially tailored for use in cooling systems.

  
  

• Evaluation of Dispersing AgentsDownload : DispersingAgents.pdf
  Authors: M. Heine, M. Bodewig, M. Winkler, W. Hater

  New Method for the Evaluation of Dispersing Agents for Cooling Water Systems

  The prevention of mineral scales and sludge presents a major challenge for industrial water systems management, e.g. cooling towers, throughout a wide variety of industrial processes. Besides threshold-active substances (hardness stabilizing agents), that inhibit the formation of insoluble precipitates such as calcium carbonate from over-saturated solutions, dispersing agents are widely applied in order to prevent settling of non-dissolved matter whithin water bearing systems. [...] a new laboratory method has been developed measuring scattering of light in dependence of time.

  
  

• Experiences with Reducing Heavy Metal UptakeDownload : CEOCOR0503cms.pdf
  Authors: Wolfgang Hater, Ivo Wagner, Peter Schmidt

  Experiences with Application of Inhibitors to Reduce Heavy Metal Uptake of Drinking Water

  Drinking water as a basic food stuff is a valuable and limited good and thus underlies a high level of regulation to ensure its quality for the customer. The European Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC) provides microbiological and chemical parameters that define the minimum quality standards within the European Community, which have been transferred into national laws by the member states. In Germany, the new Drinking Water Ordinance (Trinkwasserverordnung, TrinkwV) has come into force January 1st, 2003.

  
  

• Influence of Flow on Corrosion InhibitionDownload : InfluenceFlow.pdf
  Authors: Nathalie Ochoa, Francis Moran, Nadine Pébère, Bernhard Tribollet

  Influence of Flow on the Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel by Fatty Amines in Association with Phosphonocarboxylic Acid Salts

  This work was carried out to study the inhibition mechanism of a carbon steel in a 200 mg l^-1 NaCl solution by a non-toxic multicomponent inhibitor used for water treatment in cooling circuits. The inhibitive formulation was composed of 50 mg l^-1 fatty amines associated with 200 mg l^-1 phosponocarboxylic acid salts. Steady-state current-voltage curves, obtained with a rotating disc electrode, revealed that the properties of the protective layer were dependent on the electrode rotation rate and on the immersion time. The cathodic process of oxygen reduction was not modified in the presence of the inhibitive mixture [...].
  
  
• Legionella Control ProgramDownload : Henkel_Legionella_June2004vHoorn.pdf
  Author: Antoine van Hoorn, Environmental Management, Corus Staal BV (NL)

  Legionella Control Program for Cooling and Process
  Water Systems in an Industrial Plant (Lecture sheet)

  • Experience at the Corus Site in Ijmuiden;
  • Presence of Legionella Bacteria in Water Systems
    and Risk Assessment;
  • Controlling the Risk by Changing Installations;
  • Procedures and Analyses.

  
  
• Legionella Pneumophila - Seminar PresentationDownload : Praesentation1a_stumpe_english.pdf
  Author: Dr. Stefan Stumpe, VTB Hygiene Research Henkel KGaALegionella Pneumophila, the Causative Agent of Legionnaires´ Disease
  Presentation for the Henkel European Legionella Seminar,
  9 June 2004. Contents:
  

  • The Legionnaires´disease;
  • Features and conditions of life of the Legionella bacteria, critical parameters;
  • Overview of the possible measures and programs of control

  
  
• Legionella Pneumophila - Seminar Präsentation (D)Download : Praesentation1b_deutsch_stumpe.pdf
  Autor: Dr. Stefan Stumpe, VTB Hygiene Research Henkel KGaA

  Legionella Pneumophila - Erreger der Legionärskrankheit

  Deutsche Version der Präsentation zum Europäischen
  Legionellen-Seminar. Inhalt:
  

  • die Legionärskrankheit
  • Umstände, die zur Entwicklung und Verbreitung von Legionellen-Bakterien führen können.
  • Maßnahmen

  
  
• Legionella PneumophilaDownload : Tik_0_5_E.pdf
  Author: Henkel Technologies

  Legionella Pneumophila - Legionnaire Pathogens

  Legionella pneumophila was first identified in 1976 as the cause of an atypical pneumonia, so-called Legionnaires´ disease, at a American Legion meeting of US war veterans in Philadelphia. In addition to this severe type of lung infection, with a fatality rate ob approximately 15%, legionellae can also cause influenza-like Pontiac Fever.
  
  
• Legionella Pneumophila - German VersionDownload : Tik_0_5.pdf
  Author: Henkel Technologies

  Legionella Pneumophila - Erreger der Legionärskrankheit

  Legionella pneumophila wurde erstmals im Jahre 1976 bei den Teilnehmern einer Versammlung von Kriegsveteranen in Philadelphia (USA) als Auslöser einer atypischen Pneumonie, der sogenannten Legionärskrankheit, identifiziert. Neben dieser schweren Form einer Lungenentzündung mit einer Todesrate von ungefähr 15% können Legionellen auch das Pontiac-Fieber mit grippeähnlichen Symptomen auslösen.
  
  
• New Generation of Organic CoagulantDownload : new_generation_organic_coagulant.pdf
  Author: Henkel Surface Technologies

  The use of new generation of Organic Coagulants reduces between a 30 and 70% the sludge production

  The increment of the environmental sensitisation on the part of the industry has made that at the present time practically the entirety of the industry of surface treatment, already has or is installing a waste treatment. In the great majority of these facilities, a physical-chemical process exists, consistent in a homogenisation, pH adjustment and later sedimentation. This process is especially usefull for the operation simlicity and the obtained results.
  
  
• Properties of a Multi-component InhibitorDownload : MultiComponentInhibitor.pdf
  Authors: Nathalie Ochoa, Geneviève Baril, Francis Moran, Nadine Pébère

  Study of the Properties of a Multi-component Inhibitor Used for Water Treatment in Cooling Water Systems

  This work is devoted to the corrosion inhibition of a carbon steel in a 200 mg l^-1 NaCl solution by an original multicomponent inhibitor: fatty amines in association with phosphonocarboxylic acid salts and a biocide at low dosage. Its principal advantage is the absence of toxicity and its biodegradability. Steady-state current-voltage curves were combined with electrochemical impedance measurements to characterise the inhibitive properties of each compound and to optimize the concentration of the compounds in the mixture.

  
  

• Reusing Solids containing Oil SludgesDownload : reusing_solids_oil_sludges.pdf
  Author: Brigitte Spei, Birgit Kalker

  Three-phase Separation for Reusing Solids - containing Oil Sludges

  Oil sludges are obtained in oil separation plants and in the refining of mineral oil. Their solid phase is made up to extremely fine particles less than 63 µm in size and mostly 20 µm in size. These sludges vary considerably in the compostion of their solids, oil and water contents. After removal of the coarse fraction, they are currently disposed of as waste materials or are eliminated by thermal or physico-chemical treatment.
  
  
• Steel MillDownload : steel_mill.pdf
  Author: Henkel Surface Technologies

  Complete Solution for the Water Purification in the Steel Plant

  In the works of ThyssenKrupp steel-Beeckerwerth, (abbreviated TKS), steel making ovens never cool: approximately 15 million tons of steel are poured annually here, rolled, galvanized, packed and sent away to other forming operations. TKS ist one of the largest steel producers world-wide and a customer of many years of the water treatment experts at Henkel Surface Technologies
  
  
• Waste MinimizationDownload : waste_minimization.pdf
  Author: Wolfgang Hater, Thomas SchmitzWaste Minimization and Reduction of Consumption of Natural Resources at a German Fertilizer Plant
  At a German fertilizer plant the optimization of cooling and process water treatment provided marked cost savings due to the reduction of water and chemicals consumption as well as a reduction of waste. Basis of the success was a close cooperation between the responsible people of the plant and the supplier of chemicals.